Sustainability in Business: How Green Accounting, Carbon Emission Disclosure, and Green Transformational Leadership Influence Firm Value with Eco-Efficiency as a Moderator


International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies
© 2024 by IRJEMS
Volume 3  Issue 12
Year of Publication : 2024
Authors : Stefani, Juniati Gunawan
irjems doi : 10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V3I12P122

Citation:

Stefani, Juniati Gunawan. "Sustainability in Business: How Green Accounting, Carbon Emission Disclosure, and Green Transformational Leadership Influence Firm Value with Eco-Efficiency as a Moderator" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 3, No. 12, pp. 185-195, 2024.

Abstract:

Firm value is a key focus for stakeholders in assessing company performance, reflecting its current condition and providing insight into its future prospects. This study examines the influence of Green Accounting, Carbon Emission Disclosure, and Green Transformational Leadership on Firm Value, with Eco-Efficiency as a moderating variable. The research focuses on energy sector companies in Indonesia listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2023 period, as this sector significantly contributes to environmental impacts. The study employs panel data analysis using 208 observations after removing outliers. The findings reveal that Green Accounting positively affects Firm Value, while Carbon Emission Disclosure has a negative impact. Green Transformational Leadership shows no significant effect. Furthermore, Eco-Efficiency weakens the relationship between Green Accounting and Firm Value but strengthens the relationship between Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm Value. However, Eco-Efficiency does not moderate the relationship between Green Transformational Leadership and Firm Value. This study provides new insights into how sustainability practices influence Firm Value in Indonesia’s energy sector. The findings highlight the importance of more integrated strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in an industry with substantial environmental impacts.

References:

[1] F. Y. Sitorus, “The Effect of Green Accounting Practices and Carbon Emission Disclosure on Environmental Performance and Firm Value, Moderated by Firm Size,” Int. J. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci. (2147- 4478), vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 649–662, 2024, doi: 10.20525/ijrbs.v13i5.3204.
[2] S. Monica and V. Sulfitri, “Pengaruh Green Accounting, Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Financial Distress Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Consumer Goods Yang Terdaftar Di Bei 2019-2021,” J. Ekon. Trisakti, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 3035–3048, 2023, doi: 10.25105/jet.v3i2.17999.
[3] H. Zhang et al., “Analysis of County-Scale Eco-Efficiency and Spatiotemporal Characteristics Characteristics in China,” 2023.
[4] C. C. Gonzalez and J. Peña-Vinces, “A framework for a green accounting system-exploratory study in a developing country context, Colombia,” Environ. Dev. Sustain., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 9517–9541, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02445-w.
[5] H. F. Dewi, T. C. Anggara, and Lindrianasari, “The Impact of Green Accounting and Integrated Reporting on Financial and Market Performance,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 1324, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2024, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012090.
[6] E. Pitaloka, E. Purwanto, Y. T. Suyoto, A. Dwianika, and D. Anggreyani, “Bibliometrics Analysis of Green Financing Research,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 853–865, 2024, doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.190305.
[7] M. S. Albarrak, M. Elnahass, and A. Salama, “The Effect of Carbon Dissemination on Cost of Equity,” Bus. Strategy. Environ., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1179–1198, 2019, doi: 10.1002/bse.2310.
[8] R. Sullivan and A. Gouldson, “Does voluntary carbon reporting meet investors’ needs?,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 36, pp. 60–67, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.020.
[9] A. A. Aljughaiman, N. D. Cao, M. S. Albarrak, and A. A. Almulhim, “Influence of Cultural and Environmental Values of CEOs on Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity,” Sustain., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 1–25, 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16020913.
[10] Y. Wang, C. Tian, X. Jiang, and Y. Tong, “Development of Scales for the Measurement of Executive Green Leadership and Exploration of Its Antecedents,” vol. 15, no. 13, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15139882.
[11] Y. S. Chen and C. H. Chang, “The Determinants of Green Product Development Performance: Green Dynamic Capabilities, Green Transformational Leadership, and Green Creativity,” J. Bus. Ethics, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 107–119, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1452-x.
[12] C. S. Lu and C. C. Lin, “The Effects of Ethical Leadership and Ethical Climate on Employee Ethical Behavior in the International Port Context,” J. Bus. Ethics, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 209–223, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1868-y.
[13] E. Vilantika and R. Agus Santoso, “Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Variabel Kontrol: Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan,” 5 th Bus. Econ. Conf. Util. Mod. Technol. , pp. 119–129, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unimma.ac.id
[14] Firdaus, D. Saputra, and Y. A. Ananda, “The Effect of Green Accounting, Carbon Emission, Eco-efficiency, and Gender Diversity on Firm Value,” pp. 1–17, 2023.
[15] A. Suherman, “Peranan Kinerja yang dipengaruhi Trust, Kultur Organisasi dan Kepemimpinan Transformational terhadap Nilai Perusahaan,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Ekon. (Jurnal Akunt. …, vol. 6, pp. 45–60, 2017.
[16] H. Li, S. Fu, Z. Chen, J. Shi, Z. Yang, and Z. Li, “The Motivations of Chinese Firms in Response to the Carbon Disclosure Project,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 26, no. 27, pp. 27792–27807, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05975-5.
[17] J. S. Harrison, D. A. Bosse, and R. A. Phillips, “Managing for Stakeholders, Stakeholder Utility Functions, and Competitive Advantage,” business, vol. 920, no. October, pp. 1–43, 2010, doi: 10.1002/smj.
[18] M. M. Rahaman, S. Akter, M. A. Hossain, A. R. B. Chowdhury, and R. Wu, “Green Accounting and Reporting in Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical and Textile Industries: A Holistic Perspective,” PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1–22, 2024, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310236.
[19] R. Gray, R. Kouhy, and S. Lavers, “Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting A Review of the Literature and a Longitudinal Study of UK Disclosure Rob,” Delmar Publ., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 277–279, 1995.
[20] P. Kurnia, D. P. Emrinaldi Nur, and A. A. Putra, “Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm value: A Study of Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia and Australia,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 83–87, 2021, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.10730.
[21] P. Wei, Y. Xiaojin, Z. Qingling, and Z. Zhenduo, “Resource Bricolage, Organizational Legitimacy and the Growth of Social Start-ups: A Multi-case Study based on the Grounded Theory,” Foreign Econ. Manag., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 55–70, 2018, doi: 10.16538/j.cnki.fem.2018.12.004.
[22] P. Aggarwal and A. K. Singh, “CSR and Sustainability Reporting Practices in India: an In-Depth Content Analysis of Top-Listed Companies,” Soc. Responsib. J., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1033–1053, 2019, doi: 10.1108/SRJ-03-2018-0078.
[23] J. Barney, “Firm Reources and Sustained Competitive Advantege,” Journal of Management, vol. 17, no. 1. pp. 99–120, 1991.
[24] X. Sun, A. El, and M. Saeed, “Green Transformational Leadership and Environmental Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises,” Econ. Res. Istraživanja, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 5273–5291, 2022, doi: 10.1080/1331677X.2021.2025127.
[25] Z. Hameed, R. M. Naeem, M. Hassan, M. Naeem, M. Nazim, and A. Maqbool, “How GHRM is related to green creativity? A moderated mediation model of green transformational leadership and green perceived organizational support,” Int. J. Manpow., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 595–613, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1108/IJM-05-2020-0244.
[26] M. Asrofi, M. A. V. Hidayatulloh, G. Jatisukamto, H. Sutjahjono, and R. R. Sakura, “The effect of temperature and volume fraction of mahoni (Swietenia mahogani) wood charcoal on SS400 steel using pack carburizing method: Study of hardness and microstructure characteristics,” AIMS Mater. Sci., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 354–363, 2020, doi: 10.3934/matersci.2020.3.354.
[27] N. Cohen and P. Robbins, “Green Business: An A-to-Z Guide,” Green Bus. An A-to-Z Guid., pp. 128–132, 2012, doi: 10.4135/9781412973793.
[28] D. R. Hansen and M. M. Mowen, Managerial Accounting, 9th ed. South Western: Thomson., 2009.
[29] K. H. V. Sari and Budiasih, “Carbon Emission Disclosure dan Nilai Perusahaan,” E-Jurnal Akunt., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3535–3541, 2021.
[30] J. Tan, K. C. Chan, S. Chang, and B. Wang, “Effects of Carbon Emissions on Audit Fees,” Manag. Audit. J., vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 1112–1140, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1108/MAJ-10-2022-3734.
[31] Y. G. Han, H. W. Huang, W. P. Liu, and Y. L. Hsu, “Firm-Value Effects of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Disclosures: Evidence from Taiwan,” Account. Horizons, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 171–191, 2023, doi: 10.2308/HORIZONS-18-164R.
[32] S. Zhou, D. Zhang, C. Lyu, and H. Zhang, “Does seeing ‘mind acts upon mind’ affect green psychological climate and green product development performance? The role of matching between green transformational leadership and individual green values,” Sustain., vol. 10, no. 9, 2018, doi: 10.3390/su10093206.
[33] S. C. Aviyanti and Y. Isbanah, “Pengaruh Eco-Efficiency, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ownership Concentration , dan Cash Holding terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Goods di BEI Periode 2011-2016,” J. Ilmu Manaj., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 77–84, 2019.
[34] S. F. Laela, N. Hendrasto, and M. Surur, “The Effect of Green Accounting, Eco Efficiency, Green Innovation and Carbon Emission Disclosure Toward Firm Value,” Repos. Inst. Agama Islam Tazkia Bogor, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 40–46, 2023.
[35] G. Valencia and D. Sri, “Pengaruh Eco-efficiency Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Dewan Komisaris Independen Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2017-2019,” 2022.
[36] Z. Sun, S. Wang, and D. Li, “The Impacts of Carbon Emissions and Voluntary Carbon Disclosure on Firm Value,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 40, pp. 60189–60197, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20006-6.
[37] M. A. Harjoto and H. Jo, “Corporate Governance and CSR Nexus,” J. Bus. Ethics, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 45–67, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s10551-011-0772-6.
[38] E. F. Fama and K. R. French, “Taxes, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value,” J. Finance, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 819–843, Nov. 1998, [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/117379
[39] S. F. Bon and S. Hartoko, “The Effect of Dividend Policy, Investment Decision, Leverage, Profitability, and Firm Size on Firm Value,” Eur. J. Bus. Manag. Res., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 7–13, 2022, doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1405.
[40] E. Sugiyanto, R. Trisnawati, and E. Kusumawati, “Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value with Profitability, Firm Size, Managerial Ownership, and Board of Commissioners as Moderating Variables,” Ris. Akunt. dan Keuang. Indones., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 18–26, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/reaksi/index
[41] S. Budiono and J. Dura, “The Effect Of Green Accounting Implementation On Profitability In Companies Compass Index 100,” Int. J. Educ. Res. &Amp, 2021.
[42] Hamidi, “Analisis Penerapan Green Accounting Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan,” Equilibria, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 238–239, 2019, doi: 10.4324/9781315561103-15.
[43] W. Anggita, A. Agung, and Suhaidar, “Carbon Emission Disclosure And Green Accounting Practices On The Firm Value,” J. Akunt., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 464–481, 2022, doi: 10.24912/ja.v26i3.1052.
[44] D. Damas, R. EL Maghviroh, and M. Meidiyah, “Pengaruh Eco-Efficiency, Green Inovation Dan Carbon Emission Disclosure Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Lingkungan Sebagai Moderasi,” J. Magister Akunt. Trisakti, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 85–108, 2021, doi: 10.25105/jmat.v8i2.9742.
[45] W. Jiang, X. Zhao, and J. Ni, “The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Sustainable Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior,” Sustain., vol. 9, no. 9, 2017, doi: 10.3390/su9091567.
[46] A. L. Sidarta, E. G. Sukoharsono, and A. N. R. Laily, “The Influence of Green Accounting on the Company Profitability,” Rev. Gestão e Secr. (Management Adm. Prof. Rev., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 9829–9841, 2023, doi: 10.7769/gesec.v14i6.2343.
[47] I. D. M. Endiana, N. L. G. M. Diciryani, M. S. Adiyadnya, and I. P. M. J. S. Putra, “The Effect of Green Accounting on Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance,” J. Asian Financ. Econ. Bus., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 731–738, 2020, doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.731.
[48] I. Hidayat, T. Ismail, M. Taqi, and A. S. Yulianto, “The Effects of Environmental Cost, Environmental Disclosure and Environmental Performance on Company Value with an Independent Board of Commissioners as Moderation,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 367–373, 2023, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.14159.
[49] S. K. Singh, M. Del Giudice, R. Chierici, and D. Graziano, “Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 150, no. May 2019, p. 119762, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119762.
[50] P. A. Sari, M. Rays, Purwanti, and I. Hidayat, “Achievement of Carbon Emission Disclosure as a Mediator between Factors Increasing Firm Value: Eco-efficiency and Green Innovation,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 246–253, 2024, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.16949.
[51] J. Tobin, “A General Equilibrium Approach To Monetary Theory Author,” J. Money, Credit Banking, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15–29, 1969.
[52] E. Endri and M. Fathony, “Determinants of Firm’s Value: Evidence From Financial Industry,” Manag. Sci. Lett., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 111–120, 2020, doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2019.8.011.
[53] M. H. B. Rangkuti, “Green Accounting in Enhancing Sustainability Report Disclosure,” Int. J. Res. Rev., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 483–489, 2023, doi: 10.52403/ijrr.20231156.
[54] O. Lyulyov, O. Chygryn, T. Pimonenko, and A. Kwilinski, “Stakeholders’ Engagement in the Company’s Management as a Driver of Green Competitiveness within Sustainable Development,” Sustain., vol. 15, no. 9, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15097249.
[55] C. Sukmadilaga, S. Winarningsih, I. Yudianto, T. U. Lestari, and E. K. Ghani, “Does Green Accounting Affect Firm Value? Evidence from ASEAN Countries,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 509–515, 2023, doi: 10.32479/ijeep.14071.
[56] A. Abbas, G. Zhang, Bilal, and Y. Chengang, “Firm Governance Structures, Earnings Management, and Carbon Emission Disclosures in Chinese HighPolluting Firms,” Bus. Ethics, Environ. Responsib., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1470–1489, 2023, doi: 10.1111/beer.12582.
[57] E. S. Houten and L. K. Wedari, “Carbon Disclosure , Carbon Performance , and Market Value: Evidence from Indonesia Polluting Industries,” vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1973–1981, 2023.
[58] A. P. M. Sicard, N. T. S. Tanjung, and H. Deviarti, “Corporate Social Responsibility and Eco-Efficiency: Impact on Firm Value in The Indonesian Manufacturing Sector,” pp. 1795–1804, 2023, doi: 10.46254/eu05.20220367.
[59] Marini and Vinola Herawaty, “Pengaruh Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon, Eco-Efficiency dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Moderasi,” El-Mal J. Kaji. Ekon. Bisnis Islam, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 3670–3686, 2024, doi: 10.47467/elmal.v5i8.3646.
[60] K.-H. Lee and B. Min, “Green R&D for Eco-Innovation and its Impact on Carbon Emissions and Firm Performance,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 108, pp. 534–542, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.114.
[61] F. Siregar, N. A. Achsani, and B. Bandono, “The Effect of a Company’s Financial Performance on a Company’s Value,” J. Soc. Res., vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 3750–3760, 2023, doi: 10.55324/josr.v2i10.1472.

Keywords:

Carbon Emission Disclosure, Eco-efficiency, Firm Value, Green Accounting, Green Transformational Leadership.