Citation:

Mahibul Islam, Dr. Subrata Saha. "An Enquiry into the Nature and Problems of Migration in India: A Critical Look" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 215-224, 2024.

Abstract:

Migration has been an integral part of human history, driven by the need to adapt to social, economic, cultural, and ecological environments. This restless movement of people from one place to another is a universal phenomenon. Migration is often a response to disparities in regional development. People may move seeking access to a better standard of living, financial freedom, to resources that are lacking in their place of origin. Migration is typically explained by push and pulls factors. Push factors compel individuals to leave their place of origin, such as poverty, conflict, or lack of opportunities. In contrast, pull factors attract them to new destinations, such as job opportunities, better living standards, or education. For landless and marginal farmers, migration may be the only viable option to earn a sustainable livelihood. Moving to urban areas or other regions with greater economic opportunities allows them to support themselves and their families. According to the census of India in 2001, there were approximately 315 million migrants in the country based on Place of Last Residence (PLR) and 307 million migrants based on birthplace. The migration rate(per 1000 population) in rural areas showed an increase from 21% in 1983 to 24.4% in 1999-2000. Several factors drive migration, including urbanization, marriage, employment opportunities, and educational pursuits, lack of security, and push-pull factors that influence individuals’ decisions to move. Migration can have various consequences, both positive and negative. It may contribute to urbanization, economic growth, cultural exchange, and social development. However, it can also lead to challenges such as strain on urban infrastructure, social tensions, and the displacement of communities.

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Keywords:

Education, Pull Factor, Push Factor, Urbanization, Employment.