Evaluating the Impact of ESG Integration on the Financial Performance of Pertamina Geothermal Energy: A Sustainable Growth Perspective


International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies
© 2024 by IRJEMS
Volume 3  Issue 7
Year of Publication : 2024
Authors : Tasya Ravida Ayu Padantya, Oktofa Yudha Sudrajad
irjems doi : 10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V3I7P116

Citation:

Tasya Ravida Ayu Padantya, Oktofa Yudha Sudrajad. "Evaluating the Impact of ESG Integration on the Financial Performance of Pertamina Geothermal Energy: A Sustainable Growth Perspective" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 148-159, 2024.

Abstract:

The idea of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration has become a key premise directing the strategies and operations of energy firms globally in response to these complex issues Globally Consistent ESG Reporting. This thesis aims to assess how the incorporation of ESG principles affects Pertamina Geothermal Energy's financial performance through meticulous analysis and extensive research. The analysis includes a thorough evaluation of prior financial performance measures, both before and after ESG integration, and a close look at important criteria, including sales growth, profitability, and return on investment. The author uses business ESG performance to build financial estimates. To achieve the company's promises of expansion and sustainability through increased production, injection, and startup. In addition, it examines the many dimensions of the business, including sustainability policies, community involvement programs, and the improvement of corporate governance. According to the computation of absolute valuation using discounted cash flow, the value of each PGEO share is Rp1.069 if using a 10Yr Bond Rate and Rp1.221 using Green Bond, which is both still undervalued, and the IPO price is Rp1.280,00 (as per May 2024). The results of this thesis promise to shed light on a future course in an era where the energy industry is positioned at a crucial crossroads, combining the demand for dependable energy supplies with the need to reduce environmental consequences. The gap between market pricing and fundamental valuations underscores the importance of thorough evaluation and smart investment decisions that prioritize long-term sustainability and financial health.

References:

[1] Acwi, M. (n.d.). MSCI ESG Ratings. Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://www.msci.com/www/blog-posts/msci-esg-indexes-during-the/01781235361
[2] Agarwal, V., Balasubramanian, A., Discha, F., & Tan, K. T. (2024). Indonesia's green powerhouse promise: Ten bold moves.
[3] Annual Report Pertamina Geothermal Energy.pdf - Google Drive. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ncXr2xLpipBzbxAOd6xxGt5TmVlBM0zP/view
[4] Barnett, M. L., & Salomon, R. M. (2012). Does it pay to be really good? addressing the shape of the relationship between social and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33(11), 1304–1320. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.1980
[5] Casañ, M. J., Alier, M., & Llorens, A. (2021). A Collaborative Learning Activity to Analyze the Sustainability of an Innovation Using PESTLE. Sustainability, 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168756
[6] Damodaran, A. (2015). Applied Corporate Finance Fourth Edition. https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/39b959f1-7960-3abb-a8f0- c245ffafe85a/?utm_source=desktop&utm_medium=1.19.8&utm_campaign=open_catalog&userDocumentId=%7Bfa2f1905-c7d9-4661-acd7- ad14af41e359%7D
[7] Deloitte. (2020). ESG Integration in Energy Firms: Global Trends and Implications. Deloitte Insights.
[8] Diseminasi RUPTL 2021-2030. (2021). www.pln.co.id
[9] Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2012). The Impact of a Corporate Culture of Sustainability on Corporate Behavior and Performance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1964011
[10] Elkington, J. (2013). Enter the Triple Bottom Line. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849773348-8
[11] ESG in Indonesia: Access to Finance - Oxford Business Group. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/esg-inindonesia-access-to-finance-esg-report/
[12] Freeman, R. (2010). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=NpmA_qEiOpkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=62coE4L5NO&sig=iPNzFjT7mHiJuXMKtVqpWDK48iA
[13] Gitman & Zutter. (2012). Principles of Managerial Finance - Lawrence J Gitman, Roger Juchau, Jack Flanagan - Google Books. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EQbiBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Gitman,+L.+J.,+%26+Zutter,+C.+J.+(2012).+Principles+of +Managerial+Finance+(13th+ed.).+Prentice+Hall.&ots=uvkWDxTZZI&sig=T6g7EM7EHQJRGLetwXDKsnry5KU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=fa lse
[14] Globally Consistent ESG Reporting | Deloitte Global. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/about/people/socialresponsibility/globally-consistent-esg-reporting.html
[15] Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter's five forces model. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSC.764
[16] Hartlieb, B. E. S., Hay, D. C., Niemi, L., & Ojala, H. (2022). External Factors and the Pricing of Audit Services: A Systematic Review of the Archival Literature Using a PESTLE Analysis. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 41(3), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.2308/AJPT-2019-510
[17] Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2018). Strategic management: competitiveness & globalization: concepts & cases. https://books.google.com/books/about/Strategic_Management_Concepts_and_Cases.html?id=WbWLDwAAQBAJ
[18] IESR. (2022). Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2023: Tracking Progress of Energy Transition in Indonesia: Pursuing Energy Security in the Time of Transition. Please cite this report as: IESR (2022). Indonesia. www.irena.org
[19] Indonesia joins UN-led Energy Compacts, commits US $122 billion to SDG7 and net zero | United Nations in Indonesia. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://indonesia.un.org/en/259291-indonesia-joins-un-led-energy-compacts-commits-us-122-billion-sdg7-and-net-zero
[20] Installed geothermal energy capacity, 2022. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/installed-geothermal-capacity
[21] IRENA. (2021). Renewable Energy Statistic 2021. Renewable Energy Statistic 2021, 56(December 2021), 1–460. www.irena.org
[22] Jerry Johnson; Richard Whittington; Patrick Regnér; Duncan Angwin; Gerry Johnson; Kevan Scholes. (2017). Exploring Strategy - Jerry Johnson, Richard Whittington, Patrick Regnér, Duncan Angwin, Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes - Google Books. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ieksEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT25&dq=Pestel+johnson+et+al+2017+summary&ots=XEBb_eOgbb &sig=TLiSSns4x-0hxcdqsK-cazyTbVI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
[23] Kenali ESG: Aspek Keuangan untuk Mendorong Capaian SDGs .:: SIKAPI::. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/FrontEnd/CMS/Article/40772
[24] Li, T. T., Wang, K., Sueyoshi, T., & Wang, D. D. (2021). ESG: Research Progress and Future Prospects. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 11663, 13(21), 11663. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU132111663
[25] Market Research Company - Mordor IntelligenceTM. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://www.mordorintelligence.com/
[26] Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., & Waterfield, T. (n.d.). Global warming of 1.5°C An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty Summary for Policymakers Edited by Science Officer Science Assistant Graphics Officer Working Group I Technical Support Unit.
[27] PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy. (2023). Annual Report. PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy.
[28] PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy. (2023). Sustainability Report. PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy.
[29] Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk. (2023). Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://www.pge.pertamina.com/id/prospektus
[30] Rahat, B., & Nguyen, P. (2024). The impact of ESG profile on firm's valuation in emerging markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 95, 103361. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IRFA.2024.103361
[31] Reports and results | SSE. (2020). Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://www.sse.com/investors/reports-and-results/
[32] Teo, B. (2024). 'This is not a forum for reducing poverty': the moral economy of the voluntary carbon market. Environmental Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2024.2359766
[33] The Future of ESG Investing. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://sponsored.bloomberg.com/article/mubadala/the-future-of-esg-Investing
[34] The Glasgow Climate Pact – Key Outcomes from COP26 | UNFCCC. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/theparis-agreement/the-glasgow-climate-pact-key-outcomes-from-cop26
[35] UNDP Annual Report 2021 | United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://www.undp.org/publications/undpannual-report-2021
[36] What Is ESG Investing? – Forbes Advisor. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/esg-investing/
[37] Windyswara, D. (2018). ALASAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA MERATIFIKASI PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT TAHUN 2016. EJournal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 6(4), 1419–1440. http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
[38] World Energy Outlook 2020 – Analysis - IEA. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020

Keywords:

Discounted Cashflow, ESG, Green Bond, Valuation.