: 10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V3I7P138Meisinta Putri Kusumawardani, Salamah Wahyuni. "Mediating Role of Structural Empowerment: The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Work Engagement" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 335-344, 2024.
The purpose of this study is to look into how structural empowerment mediates the beneficial relationship between leadership that transforms and job satisfaction in the Indonesian banking sector. The sample amounted to 180 employees who participated in the study. This study uses quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is nonprobability sampling with convenience sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using SmartPLS 4 software. The study findings indicate that transformational leadership has a positive impact on structural empowerment, transformational leadership has a positive impact on job engagement, structure empowerment has an optimistic impact on work engagement, and structural empowerment regulates the positive impact of transformational leadership on work engagement.. These findings imply that transformational leaders encourage employees' work engagement by providing access to opportunities, support, information, and adequate resources.
[1] Bakker, A. B. (2017). Strategic and proactive approaches to work engagement. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 67–75.
[2] Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of
Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635.
[3] Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzales-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A two
sample confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
[4] Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands-Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward. Journal of Occupational
Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285.
[5] Amor, A. M., Abeal Vázquez, J. P., & Faíña, J. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and work engagement: Exploring the mediating
role of structural empowerment. European Management Journal, 38(1), 169–178.
[6] Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
[7] Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning
in work. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532–550.
[8] Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[9] Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, Better, Best. Organizational Dynamics, 13(3), 26–40.
[10] Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30.
[11] Cummings, G. G., MacGregor, T., Davey, M., Lee, H., Wong, C. A., Lo, E., Muise, M., & Stafford, E. (2010). Leadership styles and
outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies,
47(3), 363–385.
[12] Zhu, W., Sosik, J. J., Riggio, R. E., & Yang, B. (2012). Relationships between Transformational and Active Transactional Leadership
and Followers' Organizational Identification: The Role of Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Behavioral and Applied
Management, 13(3), 186–212.
[13] Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., & Curphy, G. J. (2018). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience (9th ed.). New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
[14] O'Brien, J. L. (2010). Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment, and Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in
Outpatient Dialysis Centers. New Jersey: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
[15] Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223.
[16] Hewitt, A. (2016). Trends in Global Employee Engagement: Global anxiety erodes employee engagement gains. Global Culture &
Engagement Practice, 1–15.
[17] Katadata. (2022). Sektor Industri Jadi Penopang Terbesar Ekonomi RI Kuartal II 2022.
https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/08/05/sektor-industri-jadi-penopang-terbesar-ekonomi-ri-kuartal-ii-2022.
[18] Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity.
International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523.
[19] Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York: Psychology
Press.
[20] PwC Indonesia. (2014). Indonesian Banking Survey 2014. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/publications/assets/indonesian-banking-survey2014.pdf
[21] Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Moderating Role of Follower Characteristics with Transformational Leadership
and Follower Work Engagement. Group & Organization Management, 34(5), 590–619.
[22] Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R. W., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social Exchange Theory. Handbook of Social Psychology, 61–88.
[23] Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (8th ed.). England: Pearson Education.
[24] Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and
transactional leadership.
[25] Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for
examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199–218.
[26] Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job
Characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327–340.
[27] Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). United States of America: SAGE Publications.
[28] Greenberg, J. (2011). Behavior in Organizations (10th ed.). England: Pearson Education.
[29] Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
[30] Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (14th ed.). England: Pearson Education.
[31] Laschinger, H. K. S. (2012). Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire I and II. Canada: Western University.
[32] Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management
Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
[33] Hakanen, J. J., & Roodt, G. (2010). Using the job demands resources model to predict engagement: Analyzing a conceptual model. In
A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 10–24).
[34] Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work Engagement: A Quantitative Review and Test of Its Relations with
Task and Contextual Performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89–136.
[35] Boamah, S. A., Spence Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and
patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180–189.
[36] Gözükara, İ., & Şimşek, O. F. (2015). Linking Transformational Leadership to Work Engagement and the Mediator Effect of Job
Autonomy: A Study in a Turkish Private Non-Profit University. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 963 – 971.
[37] Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating
Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open, 10(1), 1–11.
[38] Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and
proactive behaviour. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 116–131.
[39] Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee
engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268–279.
[40] Laschinger, H. K. S., Wilk, P., Cho, J., & Greco, P. (2009). Empowerment, engagement and perceived effectiveness in nursing work
environments: Does experience matter? Journal of Nursing Management, 17(5), 636–646.
[41] Hair Jr, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). United Kingdom: Cengage
Learning
Transformational Leadership, Structural Empowerment, Work Engagement.