Citation:

Putri Ayunnisa Sukur, Fadhliah M. Alhadar, Rahmat Sabuhari. "The Impact of Work-Life Balance and Work Stress on Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Work Flexibility among Lecturers at Universitas Khairun" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 163-169, 2025. Crossref. http://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V4I10P120

Abstract:

Professor and personal responsibilities are a major challenge for college teachers, especially in developing countries. This study examines how lecturer performance is affected by work-life balance and work-related stress. It also explores the effect of flexibility at work on these two types of stressors. The survey data analyzed are based on questionnaires from 91 lecturers at Universitas Khairun of Indonesia. The results show that work-life balance has a positive and significant impact on lecturer task performance, while work stress, under certain conditions, can also contribute positively as eustress. Furthermore, job flexibility can help to make the effect of work-life balance on job performance even better, but it doesn't play a moderating role in the relationship between stress and performance. These results indicate the need for universities to institute flexible work rules and effective stress management.

References:

[1] Abdillah, R., & Suharnomo. (2022). The effect of Work Flexibility and stress on the performance of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic (Study on employees Aceh Watershed Department). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3), 18290-18298
[2] Aduma, P. O., Owan, V. J., Akah, L. U., Alawa, D. A., Apie, M. A., Ogabor, J. O., ... & Essien, C. K. (2022). Interactive analysis of demographic variables and occupational stress on university lecturers’ job performance. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 10(2), 1–12.
[3] Agunda, M., Otwani, R., & Wekesa, S. (2024). Flexible work arrangements and employee performance: The mediating role of work-life balance. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 12(1), 45–59.
[4] Agustina, M. T., & Safitri, C. M. T. (2022). Stres kerja: Penyebab, dampak dan solusinya. Jurnal Pendidikan Sultan Agung, 2(2), 187–196.
[5] Akkas, H. (2023). Moderating effect of flexible work arrangements on the relationship between self-efficacy and innovative work behavior: Evidence from the logistic sector. Business and Economics Research Journal, 14(4), 525–540.
[6] Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345–376.
[7] Bett, F., Sang, H., & Chepkwony, P. (2022). Flexible work arrangement and employee performance: An evidence of work–life balance practices. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 5(1), 80–89.
[8] Buulolo, F., Hutapea, F. A. S., Nababan, M., Fitriano, A., & Agustina, T. S. (2023). The impact of work stress, work communication, and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Ferdinand Mandiri. Journal of Economics and Business Letters, 3(3), 38–43.
[9] Campbell, J. P., McCloy, R. A., Oppler, S. H., & Sager, C. E. (1993). A theory of performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 35–70). Jossey-Bass.
[10] Casper, W. J., Vaziri, H., Wayne, J. H., DeHauw, S., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2018). The jingle-jangle of work–nonwork balance: A comprehensive and meta-analytic review of its meaning and measurement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(2), 182–214.
[11] Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 65–74.
[12] Chauhan, A. (2023). The role of flexible working and work from home on employee productivity and performance. Psychology and Education, 55(1), 545–553.
[13] Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770.
[14] Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands–resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512.
[15] Eshun, P., & Segbenya, M. (2024). Work flexibility and job performance in higher education institutions. Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 9(1), 30–45.
[16] Ganster, D. C., & Rosen, C. C. (2013). Work stress and employee health: A multidisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1085–1122.
[17] Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2011). Work–family balance: A review and extension of the literature. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (2nd ed., pp. 165–183). American Psychological Association.
[18] Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–88.
[19] Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work–life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255–279.
[20] Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
[21] Hill, E. J., Erickson, J. J., Holmes, E. K., & Ferris, M. (2008). Workplace flexibility, work hours, and work–life conflict: Finding an extra day or two. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 279–289.
[22] Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
[23] Huda, N., Aziz, S., & Korbaffo, Y. (2024). The influence of flexible working on performance with job satisfaction as a mediator on lecturers with a millennial generation background at the Timor University. Jenius (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 7(3), 504–514.
[24] Hudson, P. (2005). The concept of work-life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85–91.
[25] Husin, S., & Sukirno, S. (2017). Pengaruh tridharma perguruan tinggi terhadap kinerja dosen. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2(1), 45–58.
[26] Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging theoretical and methodological issues in the study of work-related stress. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 9, 311–365.
[27] Karasek, R. A., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Basic Books.
[28] Kinuthia, J. M., Wambua, P. P., & Kiiru, D. M. (2022). Occupational stress intervention and performance of academic staff in selected universities in Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research, 3(1), 150–159.
[29] Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work–family conflict, policies, and the job-life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior–human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139–149.
[30] Kumari, V., & Vasantha, S. (2019). Impact of work-life balance on employee performance. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(10), 219.
[31] Kuncoro, T., Marji, M., Devi, M., Wibawa, A. P., & Teng, M. F. (2022). Cracking the code: Understanding lecturer performance and student success. International Journal of Education and Learning, 4(3), 224–231.
[32] Lasminingrat, M. (2021). Pengaruh stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 10(1), 15–26.
[33] Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
[34] Logunova, O., Koroleva, V., & Kozherchinskaya, Y. (2016). Management in academic teaching staff activity: Modeling of rating system indicators. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 58, 529–538.
[35] Luthfi, B. A., Soeling, P. D., & Wijaya, C. (2025). The impact of dual-experience flexible work arrangements on employee performance: The moderating role of e-work self-efficacy. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics & Management, 4(6), 801–814.
[36] Malik, M. I., Saleem, F., & Ahmad, M. (2010). Work-life balance and job satisfaction among doctors in Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Management, 17(2), 112–123.
[37] Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2011). Human resource management (13th ed.). Cengage Learning.
[38] Mezaluna, M., Jurana, J., Pattawe, A., & Latifa, L. (2024). The effect of work-life balance and workload on employee performance. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 5(5), 1299–1310.
[39] Parveen, M., & Rizq, A. T. (2024). Striking the balance: How workplace flexibility enhances engagement and performance of employees working in public and private settings. Journal of Management, 28(2), 33–69.
[40] Rajagukguk, P., Nurhadi, D., & Supriadi, D. (2023). Pengaruh stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja dosen. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(4), 243–256.
[41] Sarmento, A., & Riana, I. G. (2024). Lecturer performance in higher education: Transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, change adaptability and its relationship. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(1), 261–269.
[42] Setyani, D. (2013). Stres kerja dan implikasinya terhadap kinerja pegawai. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
[43] Soelistya, D. (2022). The importance of the work environment as a mediation on employee performance: Affected by work–life balance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(1), 244–257.
[44] Soelistya, Y. (2024). Lingkungan kerja dan work–life balance: Dampaknya terhadap kinerja dosen. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 12(2), 33–47.
[45] Tambunan, R., Suryadi, T., & Aulia, F. (2024). Flexible working arrangements and employee wellbeing: A conceptual framework. Journal of Management Research, 16(1), 55–70.
[46] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. (2012). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi. Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia.
[47] Valery, M. B., Santati, P., & Hadjri, M. I. (2023). The influence of work-life balance on employee performance: Empirical study at Telkomsel Regional Sumbagsel Office. Journal of Business Studies, 8(2), 208–217.
[48] Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18(5), 459–482.

Keywords:

Work-Life Balance; Work Stress; Work Flexibility; Employee Performance; Higher Education.