Citation:

Dinh Thi Thu Thuy, Pham Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thi Huong Thao. "From Soil to Sustainability: Vietnam’s Green Agricultural Transition" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 342-347, 2025.

Abstract:

As Vietnam confronts the dual challenges of climate change and sustainable development, green agriculture has emerged as a strategic pathway to align economic growth with environmental protection. Although agriculture accounts for 14% of GDP and employs over one-third of the workforce, the sector faces increasing ecological and institutional pressures. This study examines Vietnam’s transition to green agriculture—defined as environmentally sustainable, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive farming—aligned with global frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. Through literature review, policy analysis, and assessment of national initiatives, the study highlights both achievements and ongoing barriers. Key policies, including the 2022 Strategy for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development and several integrated proposals approved in 2023–2024, underscore Vietnam’s commitment to ecological farming, particularly through the use of organic fertilizers, biological pesticides, and integrated plant health management. However, challenges such as limited technology access, fragmented policies, and inadequate financial mechanisms constrain large-scale adoption. The paper proposes a four-pillar strategy to accelerate the green transition: (1) incentivizing green technologies, (2) investing in innovation, (3) promoting digital transformation, and (4) designing tailored financial solutions. Institutional reform, value chain integration, and human capital development are identified as essential enablers of sustainable development. This research presents a comprehensive framework that integrates policy, technology, finance, and capacity-building, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on sustainable agriculture in developing countries and positioning green transformation as both an environmental and economic opportunity for Vietnam.

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Keywords:

Green Agriculture, Sustainable Development, Climate Resilience, Policy Reform, Rural Transformation.