Citation:

Mandadi Venkatesh Reddy. "Impact of Pm-Kisan Samman Nidhi and Rythu Bharosa Schemes on Marginal and Small Farmers in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 105-113, 2026. Crossref. http://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V5I1P112

Abstract:

Agriculture remains the backbone of India's economy, employing approximately 41% of the workforce despite contributing only 15.5% to GDP. Small and marginal farmers, who make up more than 86% of the Indian farming community, only have access to a limited amount of farmland, are perpetually in debt, encounter increasing cost of inputs and are exposed to economic shocks. The PM-KISAN, introduced in 2019, offers ₹6,000 per annum to landholding farmers; Andhra Pradesh's Rythu Bharosa scheme (renamed as Annadata Sukhibhava) is an addition of another ₹7,500 annually. This paper analyses the implications of such direct income support schemes on marginal and small paddy farmers in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Primary data were collected through structured interviews from 640 farmers (320 marginal and 320 small) across four mandals—Ponnur, Kakumanu, Duggirala, and Tenali—selected based on the highest paddy cultivation area. Twenty marginal and twenty small farmers were randomly selected from four villages in each mandal. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, paired sample t-test and correlation analysis to determine the impact of the scheme on annual income, dependency on moneylenders, debt level, agricultural production scale at their fields(green revolution kits), food security status and farmer empowerment. The techniques were shown to have a strong positive effect, with 90.0% of farmers reporting increased annual income and 87.5% reporting less debt. Dependence on moneylenders reduced in all (100%) of the respondents. 73.0% of farmers claimed that agricultural productivity had improved, and 88.3% reported that food security had improved. The paired sample t-test showed that the difference between pre-and post-scheme income was highly significant at p < 0.001. High positive significant correlations were found between scheme benefits and reduction in financial distress (r=0.742), increase in productivity (r=0.685) and farmer empowerment (%) r = 0.798). Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's α=0.891) for the impact assessment scales. The PM-KISAN and Rythu Bharosa schemes successfully increased financial stability, decreased use of moneylenders, increased agricultural investments and food security among marginal/small farmers. However, challenges remain, such as inadequate money following and delayed payment, and a lack of knowledge of the grievance procedure. Propositions include increased financial support, timely distribution of assistance, improvement in monitoring and promotion of awareness.

References:

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Keywords:

PM-KISAN, Rythu Bharosa, Marginal Farmers, Small Farmers, Direct Benefit Transfer, Agricultural Income, Andhra Pradesh.