Sustainability Challenges of Transhumance Community in Churah Tehsil, Chamba District: An Empirical Study of Sheep and Goat Farming in Himachal Pradesh


International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies
© 2026 by IRJEMS
Volume 5  Issue 2
Year of Publication : 2026
Authors : Yaseen Mohd, Manoj Sharma
irjems doi : 10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V5I2P122

Citation:

Yaseen Mohd, Manoj Sharma. "Sustainability Challenges of Transhumance Community in Churah Tehsil, Chamba District: An Empirical Study of Sheep and Goat Farming in Himachal Pradesh" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 185-202, 2026. Crossref. http://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V5I2P122

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the influence of lifestyle, ease of use, and trust on purchasing decisions using Shopee PayLater among students of Universitas Khairun. The rapid growth of digital financial services has encouraged students to adopt deferred payment features in online shopping transactions. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 students who actively use Shopee PayLater. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that lifestyle has a positive but insignificant effect on purchasing decisions. Although students demonstrate a modern and technology-oriented lifestyle, financial considerations remain the primary factor in decision-making. Ease of use also shows a positive but insignificant influence, suggesting that students perceive system convenience as a standard feature rather than a decisive factor. In contrast, trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The higher the level of trust in transaction security, transparency of information, and service credibility, the greater the likelihood of students making purchasing decisions using Shopee PayLater. The coefficient of determination shows that lifestyle, ease of use, and trust collectively explain 33.8% of purchasing decisions, while the remaining 66.2% are influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings highlight the importance of trust as the primary determinant in the adoption of PayLater services among university students.

References:

[1] Ahmed, S., Shah, K. A., & Bhat, G. M. (2023). Impact of climate change on nomadic herders' livelihoods: Evidence from Bakarwal community in the Western Himalayas in India. Livestock Science, 267, 105136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105136
[2] Aryal, S., Cockfield, G., & Maraseni, T. N. (2014). Vulnerability of Himalayan transhumant communities to climate change. Climatic Change, 125(2), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1157-5
[3] Axelby, R., & Bulgheroni, M. (2021). Old ways and new routes: Climate threats and adaptive possibilities in the Indian Himalayas. Himalaya, 41(2), 83-97.
[4] Banjade, M. R., & Paudel, N. S. (2008). Mobile pastoralism in crisis: Challenges, conflicts and status of pasture tenure in Nepal mountains. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 7(1), 49-57.
[5] Bezu, S., & Holden, S. (2014). Are rural youth in Ethiopia abandoning agriculture? World Development, 64, 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.013
[6] Bhasin, V. (2008). Himalayan ecology, transhumance, and social organisation: Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh. Kamla-Raj Enterprises.
[7] Bhasin, V. (2011). Pastoralists of Himalayas. Journal of Human Ecology, 33(3), 147-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2011.11906353
[8] Bhasin, V. (2018). Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Human Ecology, 64(1-3), 10-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2018.11907110
[9] Bulgheroni, M., & Axelby, R. (2023). Research highlights tenacious pastoralists of the Himalayas. China Dialogue. Retrieved from https://dialogue.earth/en/climate/research-highlights-tenacious-pastoralists-of-the-himalayas/
[10] Choudhary, D. K., & Garkoti, S. C. (2021). Sustainability of transhumant pastoralism in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 47(2), 91-100.
[11] Food and Agriculture Organization. (2001). Pastoralism in the new millennium. Rome: FAO. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/4/y2647e/y2647e00.htm
[12] Galvin, K. A. (2009). Transitions: Pastoralists living with change. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164442
[13] Koutchoro, A. M., Tente, B. A. H., Ezin, V., & Sinsin, B. (2025). Pastoral transitions in West Africa: Analysis of factors driving changes in livestock mobility in northern Benin. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 15, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/past.2025.15199
[14] Manzano, P., Burgas, D., Cadahía, L., Eronen, J. T., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Bencherifa, S., ... & Molnár, Z. (2021). Toward a holistic understanding of pastoralism. One Earth, 4(5), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.012
[15] Moktan, M. R., Norbu, L., & Nirola, H. (2008). An ecological and socio-economic assessment of the transhumant system in Bhutan. Mountain Research and Development, 28(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0963
[16] Namgay, K., Millar, J. E., Black, R. S., & Samdup, T. (2013). Changes in transhumant agro-pastoralism in Bhutan: A disappearing livelihood? Human Ecology, 42(5), 779-792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-013-9623-0
[17] Ocak Yetişgin, S., Sariözkan, S., & Ertuğrul, M. (2025). Goat transhumance in Mediterranean Turkey: Characterization, transformation, and sustainability challenges. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 15, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/past.2025.14939
[18] Ouali, M., Abdelguerfi, A., Benniou, R., & Huguenin, J. (2023). Sustainability evaluation of pastoral livestock systems in the steppe regions of Algeria. Sustainability, 15(8), 6809. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086809
[19] Pasakhala, B., Ranabhat, S., & Nepal, N. (2021). Against the tide: The future of transhumant herders in the Kailash Sacred Landscape, Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 41(4), R8-R15. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00073.1
[20] Pastres. (2019). Youth moving to town: A major cause of uncertainty among the pastoralists of Isiolo, Kenya. Retrieved from https://pastres.org/2019/03/01/youth-moving-to-town-a-major-cause-of-uncertainty-among-the-pastoralists-of-isiolo-kenya/
[21] Schulz, T., Weiss, M., & Mann, S. (2018). Summer farms in Switzerland: Profitability and public financial support. Mountain Research and Development, 38(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00118.1
[22] Scoones, I. (2021). Pastoralists and peasants: Perspectives on agrarian change. Journal of Peasant Studies, 48(1), 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1802249
[23] Sharifian, A., Ghorbani, M., Zarei, H., & Rosenfeld, M. (2022). Dynamics of pastoral traditional ecological knowledge: A global review. Ecology and Society, 27(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12918-270114
[24] Swift, J. (1982). The future of African hunter-gatherer and pastoral peoples. Development and Change, 13(2), 159-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1982.tb00116.x
[25] Verma, R., & Khadka, D. (2016). Yaks and yak herding in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. In D. J. Miller & S. R. Ale (Eds.), Yak on the move: Transboundary challenges and opportunities for yak raising in a changing Hindu Kush Himalayan region (pp. 89-104). International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.

Keywords:

Transhumance, Pastoral Sustainability, Sheep Farming, Goat Farming, Himachal Pradesh, Generational Continuity, Climate Change.