Citation:

Bening Aura Savinca, Aisah Jumiati, Endah Kurnia Lestari. "Analysis of the Export Competitiveness of Indonesian Cloves in the Saudi Arabian Market" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 151-156, 2026. Crossref. http://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V5I6P116

Abstract:

Cloves are one of Indonesia’s major agricultural commodities and an important source of foreign exchange. Saudi Arabia is a key export destination due to its relatively stable demand, although Indonesia faces stiff competition from countries such as Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and the Comoros. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian clove exports in the Saudi Arabian market and examine its trade position during the 2015–2024 period. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, secondary data were collected from UN Comtrade, International Trade Centre (ITC), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, and Kementerian Pertanian. The data were analyzed using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP) methods. The results indicate that Indonesia possesses a strong comparative advantage, with an average RCA value of 70.84 (RCA > 1), signaling high export competitiveness, although it remains below that of its main competitors, particularly the Comoros and Madagascar. The EPD analysis classifies Indonesian cloves in the “missed opportunity” category, indicating that market growth has not been fully utilized. Meanwhile, the ISP value ranges from 0.81-1, indicating that cloves have reached a mature stage in international trade and maintain strong export competitiveness. Increasing productivity, improving product quality, and implementing more effective export development strategies are crucial to strengthening Indonesian cloves' competitiveness in the Saudi Arabian market.

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Keywords:

Competitiveness, Export, Clove, RCA, EPD, ISP.