Citation:

Made Santana Putra Adiyadnya, Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni, I Gusti Wayan Murjana Yasa, Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih. "A Comparison of Long-Term Unemployment before and after the Pandemic Covid-19 : Literature Review Analysis" International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 72-78, 2024.

Abstract:

The unemployment rate has risen dramatically in Indonesia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unemployment is an economic problem that will always be faced by every country in the world, both underdeveloped countries, developed countries, and developing countries like Indonesia. The highest open unemployment rate in Indonesia is attributed to the graduates of vocational schools. The workers who graduate from vocational schools possess only one particular skill, which makes it difficult for them to enter the job market, whose demand for those skills is not in line with their educational background and requires a longer time to find the right position. According to the job search theory, the workforce whose paradigm of high unemployment duration is only owned by workers with established economic and social conditions changed after the COVID-19 pandemic, where all workers were forced to have a high unemployment duration after completing their study period. The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in all countries in the world has had an impact on changing the paradigm of the duration of unemployment experienced by the workforce.

References:

[1] Adiyadnya dkk, Madel Santana Putra. 2019. Dampak Variabell Makroelkonomi telrhadap Tingkat Pelngangguran Telrbuka Provinsi Bali. Jurnal. Aksels Jurnal Pelnellitian dan Pelngabdian kelpada Masyarakat Univelrsitas Ngurah Rai.
[2] Beljaković, Preldrag and Želljko Mrnjavac. 2019. Thel dangelr of long-telrm unelmploymelnt and melasurels for its relduction: thel casel of Croatia. Elconomic Relselarch-Elkonomska Istraživanja.
[3] Belrzinskielnel, Daiva and Liongina Juozaitielnel. 2011. Impact of Labour MarkeltMelasurels on Unelmploymelnt. Journal Elnginelelring Elconomics.
[4] Danim, Sudarwan. 2003. Elkonomi Sumbelr Daya Manusia. Bandung: Pustaka Seltia
[5] Delsmita. 2008. Psikologi pelrkelmbangan karir. Bandung: Rosdakary.
[6] Elckartsbelrg, R. V. (1998). Elxistelntial-phelnomelnological relselarch. In Phelnomelnological inquiry in psychology (pp. 21-61). Boston: Springelr.
[7] Garroustel, Christelllel, Kornellia Kozovska and Ellelna Arjona Pelrelz. 2010. Elducation and Long-Telrm Unelmploymelnt. Eluropelan Commission Joint Relselarch Celntrel Institutel for thel Protelction and Selcurity of thel Citizeln.
[8] Hotoru, Triadellsia, Anita Dilly, dan Giufanny Papuling. 2022. Dampak Mismatch Pelndidikan-Pelkelrjaan telrhadap Pelngelmbangan Kelahlian Karyawan di Halmahelra Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Manajelmeln dan Akuntansi Vol 10 No 2, 2022.
[9] Islamiah, Nurhidayati. 2021. Analisis Pelngaruh Invelstasi dan Pelngelluaran Pelmelrintah telrhadap Pelngangguran dan Pelrtumbuhan Elkonomi, Dampaknya telrhadap Keltimpangan Pelndapatan di Indonelsia. Diselrtasi. Makassar: Univelrsitas Hasanuddin Makassar.
[10] Kroft, Kory, Fabian Langel, Matthelw J. Notowidigdo, and Lawrelncel F. Katz. 2014. Long-Telrm Unelmploymelnt and thel Grelat Relcelssion: Thel Rolel of Composition, Duration Delpelndelncel, and Non-Participation. Nbelr Working Papelr Selriels National Burelau Of Elconomic Relselarch.
[11] Malik, Nazaruddin, Muhammad Sri Wahyudi Suliswanto dan Mochamad Rofik. 2021. Thel Unelmploymelnt Ratel Amid thel COVID-19 Pandelmic: Proposel thel Belst Practicels Policy to Maintain Labor Markelt Stability. Delpartmelnt of Delvellopmelnt Elconomics, Faculty of Elconomics and Businelss, Univelrsitas Muhammadiyah Malang: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
[12] Mankiw N, Grelgory, dkk. 2012, Pelngantar Elkonomi Makro. Jakarta: Salelmba Elmpat.
[13] Melindrayani, Ni Kadelk. 2015. Analisis Pelngaruh Faktor Sosial, Elkonomi dan Delmografi telrhadap Lama Melnganggur Lulusan Pelrguruan Tinggi Fakultas Elkonomi dan Bisnis Univelrsitas Udayana. Telsis. Fakultas Elkonomi dan Bisnis Univelrsitas Udayana.
[14] Miyamoto, Hiroaki and Nujin Suphaphiphat. 2021. Mitigating Long-telrm Unelmploymelnt in Eluropel. IZA Journal of Labor Policy.
[15] Muin, Muhamad Fathul. 2020. Analysis of Deltelrminants of Unelmploymelnt Ratel in Indonelsia. BPS-Statistics Papua: Jurnal Pelrspelktif Elkonomi Darussalam.
[16] Nanga, Muana. 2005. Makro Elkonomi: Telori, Masalah, dan Kelbijakan, Jakarta: PT Grafindo Pelrsada.
[17] Nichols, Austin, Josh Mitchelll, and Stelphan Lindnelr. 2013. Conselquelncels of Long-Telrm Unelmploymelnt. Thel Urban Institutel.
[18] Putri, Fitriani Aditya. 2021. Pelngaruh Human Capital telrhadap Durasi Melnganggur pada Pelkelrja yang Telrkelna PHK Akibat Pandelmi Covid-19. Selminar Nasional Official Statistics: Univelrsitas Indonelsia.
[19] Rothstelin, Donna S.2016. An Analysis of Long-telrm Unelmploymelnt. Monthly Labor Relvielw: U.S. Burelau of Labor Statistics
[20] Rusman. 2021. Dampak Pandelmi Covid-19 Telrhadap Angka Pelngangguran di Indonelsia. Procelelding Selminar Nasional & Call For Papelrs Univelrsitas Muhammadiyah Mamuju Sulawelsi Barat
[21] Siddiq, Faisal dan Mohammad Dokhi. 2022. Survival Analisis Durasi Melnganggur Angkatan Kelrja Disabilitas yang Melngalami Belrhelnti Belkelrja Akibat Pandelmi Covid-19. Jurnal Statistika dan Aplikasinya: Jurnal Statistika dan Aplikasinya
[22] Spelrmann, Alelxandelr. 2015. How to fight long-telrm unelmploymelnt: lelssons from Gelrmany. IZA Journal of Labor Policy.
[23] Sukirno, Sadono. 2004. Makro Elkonomi Telori Pelngantar. Eldisi III. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Pelrsada.
[24] Todaro, Michaell Paul. 2006. Elkonomi Pelmbangunan. Jakarta: Elrlangga
[25] Triandini, El., Jayanatha, S., Indrawan, A., Welrla Putra, G., & Iswara, B. (2019). Meltodel Systelmatic Litelraturel Relvielw untuk Idelntifikasi Platform dan Meltodel Pelngelmbangan Sistelm Informasi di Indonelsia. Indonelsian Journal of Information Systelms.

Keywords:

Unemployment, Pandemic COVID-19, Looking for Work.